![]() ![]() The incident increased the interest in the novel and, a year later, Madame Bovary appeared as an entire book. Initially published with the title Madame Bovary: Provincial Manners, Flaubert’s book first appeared in 1856 in the Revue de Paris, and soon was considered obscene, meaning charges were leveled against the author, which he had to answer in court. Unable to see any more perspective, Emma swallows arsenic and slowly dies. ![]() Meanwhile, she starts to run up debts that her lovers do not want to cover. She becomes the lover of a noble and then of a notary. After the marriage, she begins to appreciate the aristocratic life and can no longer return to simple values that had previously characterized her existence. The story is about Emma Rouault, a farmer’s daughter who marries a provincial doctor, Charles Bovary. And it is the exact thing that Emma tries to do in Madame Bovary. ![]() ![]() The French philosopher Jules de Gaultier – inspired by the novel Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert – used this term for the first time, around 1892, to define artists, or people in general, who want to escape from the monotony, sometimes through literature. The imaginary woman who tries to get away from life’s province – by any means – is the forefather of a literary trend known as bovarysme. Emma Bovary is an example of how a character can be more relevant than the book itself. ![]()
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